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The following topics are covered in the Surf telecommunications glossary:
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Voice Compression
| Entry |
Glossary Description |
| AMR |
Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) is an Audio data compression scheme optimized for speech coding. AMR is adopted as the standard speech codec by 3GPP. The codec has eight bit rates, 12.2, 10.2, 7.95, 7.40, 6.70, 5.90, 5.15 and 4.75 kbit/s. The bitstream is based on frames which contain 160 samples of 20 milliseconds long. More... |
| CNG |
Comfort noise generation (CNG) fills in the silent portions of VAD, namely processed transmissions with artificial noise ("comfort noise"). This means a low volume level appropriate for the average volume level of the received signals. CNG is compliant with the G.711 codec standard. More... |
| EVRC |
Enhanced Variable Rate CODEC - EVRC is a speech codec used by CDMA networks. It was developed in 1995 to replace QCELP. The codec supports three source rates of 9.6 kbit/s (full rate), 4.8 kbit/s (half rate) and 1.2 kbit/s (eight rate). More... |
| G.711 |
G.711 is an ITU-T speech codec for audio companding, a method of reducing the effects of a channel with limited dynamic range. Companding is a combination of compressing and expanding and is a variant of audio level compression. G.711 encoders create 64 kbit/s bit streams. More... |
| G.722.2
(AMR-WB) |
Adaptive Multi Rate - WideBand or AMR-WB. AMR-WB operates like AMR with various bit rates, namely 6.60, 8.85, 12.65, 14.25, 15.85, 18.25, 19.85, 23.05 and 23.85 kbits/s. The codec provides excellent speech quality due to wider speech bandwidth of 50 - 7000 Hz. More... |
| G.723.1a |
G.723.1 is an audio codec for voice that compresses voice audio in chunks of 30 milliseconds. A look-ahead of 7.5 ms duration is also used. G.723.1A is the implementation of the ITU G.723.1 standard. It uses ACELP and MP-MLQ for coding at 5.3 kbps and 6.3 kbps respectively. More... |
| G.726 |
G.726 is ITU-T speech codec operating at bit rates of 16-40 kbit/s. The most commonly used mode is 32 kbit/s, half the rate of G.711, and thus can increase the usable network capacity by 100%. The standard is based on ADPCM technology. More... |
| G.728 |
G.728 is a ITU-T standard for speech coding operating at 16 kbit/s. G.728 passes low bit rate modem signals of up to 2400 bit/s, in addition to network signalling. The complexity of the codec is 30 MIPS, and 2 kBytes of RAM is needed for codebooks. More... |
| G.729AB
and G.729E |
G.729 is an audio data compression algorithm for voice that compresses voice audio into chunks of 10 milliseconds. G.729a is compatible with G.729, but requires less computation. G.729b is a silence compression scheme, which has a VAD module used to detect voice activity, speech or non speech. G.729E is the ITU-T recommendation G.729, but modified to achieve a bit rate of 11.8 kbps. More... |
| GSM-AMR-NB |
GSM-AMR-NB is an Adaptive Multi Rate-Narrow Band (AMR-NB) speech codec standard with eight basic bit rates, 12.2, 10.2, 7.95, 7.40, 6.70, 5.90, 5.15 and 4.75 kbit/s. This codec works on the ACELP principle for all bit rates, and supports DTX, VAD and CNG algorithms. |
| GSM-EFR |
Enhanced Full Rate or EFR or GSM-EFR is a speech coding standard that was developed to improve the quality of the GSM-Full Rate (FR) codec. At 12.2 kbit/s, the EFR provides wirelike quality under both noise free and background noise conditions. EFR is compatible with the highest AMR mode. More... |
| GSM-FR |
GSM-FR is based on RPE-LTP (Regular Pulse Excitation - Long Term Prediction) speech coding paradigm. Linear prediction is used in the synthesis filter with an order of 8. By contrast, narrowband speech codecs have an order of 10, and wideband speech codecs, an order of 16. More... |
| iLBC |
The Internet Low Bit Rate Codec (iLBC) is a royalty free narrowband speech codec, developed by Global IP Sound (GIPS). It is suitable for VoIP applications, streaming audio, archival and messaging. The algorithm is a version of block-independent linear predictive coding, with the choice of data frame lengths of 20 and 30 milliseconds. The encoded blocks have to be encapsulated in a suitable protocol for transport, eg. RTP.iLBC is defined in RFC 3951. It is one of the codecs used by both Gizmo Project and Skype. More... |
| QCELP13 | QCELP is a speech codec developed
in 1994 to increase the speech quality of the IS-96A
codec used earlier in CDMA networks. QCELP
is also known as Qualcomm PureVoice. QCELP13
is one version of QCELP, using 13kbits/s.
The other version is QCELP8, using 8kbits/s.
More... |
| SMV |
Selectable Mode Vocoder - SMV is a speech codec standard providing multiple modes of operation, and is used in CDMA-2000 networks. SMV for Wideband CDMA is based on 4 codecs: full rate at 8.5 kbit/s, half rate at 4 kbit/s, quarter rate at 2 kbit/s, and eighth rate at 800 bit/s. More... |
| VAD |
Voice activity detection or voice activity detector - VAD is an algorithm used in speech processing, wherein the presence or absence of human speech is detected from audio samples. When used for speech coding, VAD is compliant with the G.711 codec standard. More... |
| VoIP Chip |
VoIP Chip (Voice over Internet Protocol) refers to a microprocessor which is limited to support the transmission of voice traffic only over IP-based networks, unlike Surf's Triple Play DSP software which supports video and data in addition to voice (audio). |
| VoIP Chipset |
VoIP Chipset – refers to a group of integrated microprocessors, or chips designed to work together to enable the transmission of voice through the Internet or other packet-switched networks. |
| WMA 9 |
Windows Media Audio (WMA) is a proprietary compressed audio file format developed by Microsoft. It was initially a competitor to the MP3 format, but has positioned itself as a competitor to the Advanced Audio Coding format used by Apple and is part of the Windows Media framework. WMA 9 is a bundled version that includes three more codecs, namely a voice codec, lossless codec and the WMA 9 Pro codec. The Pro is based on a completely different technology. The most current version of the format is Windows Media Audio 9.1. More... More... |
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Video Compression
| Entry |
Glossary Description |
| H.261 |
H.261 is an 1990 ITU video coding standard originally designed for transmission over ISDN lines on which data rates are multiples of 64 kbit/s. The data rate of the coding algorithm was designed to be able to operate between 40 kbit/s and 2 Mbit/s. H.261 was the first practical digital video coding standard. The H.261 design was a pioneering effort, and all subsequent international video coding standards (MPEG-1, MPEG-2/H.262, H.263, and even H.264) have been based closely on its design. More... |
| H.263 |
H.263 is a video codec designed as a low-bitrate encoding solution for videoconferencing. It was initially intended to be utilized in H.324 based systems, but has since found use in RTP/IP-based videoconferencing, H.320-based videoconferencing, RTSP (streaming media) and SIP (Internet conferencing). More... |
| H.264/MPEG-4 AVC |
H.264, MPEG-4 Part 10, or AVC, for Advanced Video Coding, is a digital video codec standard which is noted for achieving very high data compression. The intent of H.264/AVC project has been to create a standard that would be capable of providing good video quality at bit rates that are substantially lower (e.g., half or less) than what previous standards would need. More... |
| MPEG
4 (Simple Profile) |
MPEG-4 is the designation for a group of audio and videocodingstandards and related technology agreed upon by the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). The primary uses for the MPEG-4 standard are for streaming media and CD distribution, videophone and broadcast television. More... |
| WMV 9 |
Windows Media Video (WMV) is a generic name for the set of video codec technologies developed by Microsoft. It is part of the Windows Media framework. The codecs were originally developed as proprietary codecs for low-bitrate streaming applications. However, in 2003 Microsoft drafted a video codec specification based on its Windows Media Video version 9 codec and submitted it to SMPTE for standardization. The standard was officially approved in March 2006 as SMPTE 421M. More... |
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Tones and Telephony Features
| Entry |
Glossary Description |
| CID |
Caller ID(Caller Identity Display or CID) is a telephony intelligent network service that transmits the caller's telephone number to the called party's telephone. Typically, CID is transmitted digitally using Bell 202 modulation
between the first and second rings. Also known as Calling Line Identification (CLI) when provided via an ISDN connection to a PABX. More... |
| DTMF |
Dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF), also known as Touch Tone or Tone Dialing, is used for over the line telephone signaling to the call switching center via the voice frequency band. DTMF is an example of a multi-frequency shift keying (MFSK) system. More... |
| MF-R1 & MR-R2 |
Multi-Frequency (MF) is an outdated, in-band signaling technique. MF is the precursor of DTMF tones, the well known "touch tones". In contrast to R2_Signalling, MF signaling is sometimes referred to as R1. R2 is mnemonic for Region Two signaling (Europe) to differentiate it from R1 signaling, the North American MF signaling. More... |
| RFC 2833 |
RFC 2833is the IETF standard that describes RTP payload for DTMF digits, telephony tones, and telephony signals. RTP packets carry dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling, other tone signals and telephony events. |
| WMV 9 |
Windows Media Video (WMV) is a generic name for the set of video codec technologies developed by Microsoft. It is part of the Windows Media framework. The codecs were originally developed as proprietary codecs for low-bitrate streaming applications. However, in 2003 Microsoft drafted a video codec specification based on its Windows Media Video version 9 codec and submitted it to SMPTE for standardization. The standard was officially approved in March 2006 as SMPTE 421M. More... |
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Echo Canceller
| Entry |
Glossary Description |
| G.168 |
G.168 is ITU-T's Digital Network Echo Canceller. Applications include removing acoustic echoes from a full-duplex conferencing system. Typically, echo tails ranging between 16ms to 128ms can be digitally subtracted from a circuit echo. |
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Network Support to Voice
| Entry |
Glossary Description |
| RTP |
Real-time Transport Protocol (or RTP) defines a standardized packet format for delivering audio and video over the Internet. It was originally designed as a multicast protocol, but has since been applied in many unicast applications. It goes along with the RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) and is built on top of the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). More... |
| RTCP |
Real Time Control Protocol (RTCP) provides out-of-band control information for an RTP flow. It partners RTP in the delivery and packaging of multimedia data, but does not transport any data itself. The primary function of RTCP is to provide feedback on the quality of service being provided by RTP. More... |
| UDP |
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. It is a minimal message-oriented transport layer protocol that is currently documented in IETF RFC 768. Using UDP programs on networked computers can send short messages known as datagrams to one another. More... |
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Fax-Relay Support and Fax Termination
| Entry |
Glossary Description |
| T.30 |
T.30 is an ITU standard handshake protocol for G3 facsimile communication over IP. The standard also manages the fax session, error correction and information exchange between two fax devices. |
| T.38 |
T.38 is the ITU-T recommendation for fax over IP (based) networks in real time. The recommendation defines a real time method for faxing over IP networks as it supports the use of either TCP or UDP. |
| V.17 |
V.17 is an ITU-T fax protocol that uses TCM modulation at 12 and 14.4 kbit/s. CCITT analog facsimile, analog modem, signaling standard, providing up to 14400 kbps data rates and backwards compatible to the V.29 standard, which supports speeds of up to 9600 kbps. |
| V.21 |
V.21 is an ITU-T recommendation for full-duplex communication between two analogue dial-up modems using audio frequency-shift keying modulation at 300 bauds to carry digital data at 300 bit/s. It is a variant of the originalBell 103 modulation format.More... |
| V.27, V27bis V.27ter |
V.27 is an ITU-T recommendation for full-duplex or half-duplex communication between two analogue fixed-line modems. It uses PSK modulation at 1600 bauds to carry synchronous data at 4800 bit/s. The V.27bis extension of V.27 added a fall-back modulation rate. The V.27ter extension was defined for use on dial-up lines.More... |
| V.29 |
V.29 is an ITU-T standard for fax operations that specifies speeds up to 9,600 bps with fallback to 7,200 bps. |
| V.34, V.34HD |
V.34 is an ITU-T recommendation for a modem, allowing up to 28.8 kbit/s bidirectional data transfer. Other additional defined data transfer rates are 24.0 kbit/s and 19.2 kbit/s as well as all the permitted V.32 and V.32bis rates.More... |
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Modem Relay Support
| Entry |
Glossary Description |
| V.92 |
V.92 is an ITU-T recommendation that establishes a modem standard supporting near 56 kbit/s download and 48 kbit/s upload rates. It is intended to succeed the V.90 standards. With V.92, PCM is used for both the upstream and downstream connections; previously 56K modems only used PCM for downstream data. More... |
| V.150.1, V.8 Gateway |
The V.150 standards provide selectable options for some of the layers of the Modem over IP Gateway. First, the standard specifies two types of compatible Gateways - Universal Modem Relay Gateways and V.8 Gateways. A Universal Modem Gateway (U-MR) will perform full termination of a specific set of V-series modulations. A V.8 Gateway provides termination for modulations negotiated through V.8. White Paper... |
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Modem Termination Support
| Entry |
Glossary Description |
Bell103 /
Bell
212 |
The Bell 103 modem was the first commercial modem for computers, released by AT&T in 1962. It allowed digital data to be transmitted over regular telephone lines at a speed of 300 bits per second. The Bell 103 modem used audio frequency-shift keying to encode data. Different pairs of audio frequencies were used by each station. Bell 212 succeeded the Bell 103 in delivering 1200 bps in each direction. See also V.22.More... |
Frequency-
shift
Keying (FSK) |
Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is a form of frequency modulation in which the modulating signal shifts the output frequency between predetermined values. Usually, the instantaneous frequency is shifted between two discrete values termed the mark frequency and the space frequency. This is a noncoherent form of FSK. More... |
MNP2-4,
MNP5 |
Microcom Networking Protocol (MNP) is a communications protocol that provides data compression and error connection in modems. More... |
HDLC for PPP/
RFC 1662 |
High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) is a bit-oriented synchronous data link layer protocol developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). HDLC is now the basis for synchronous PPP (point to point protocol) used by many servers to connect to a wide area network, most commonly the Internet.The RFC 1662 specification deals with PPP in HDLC-like Framing. More... |
| V.21 |
V.21is an ITU-T recommendation for full-duplex communication between two analog dial-up modems using audio frequency-shift keying modulation at 300 bauds to carry digital data at 300 bit/s. It is a variant of the original Bell 103 modulation format. More... |
V.22
& V.22bis |
V.22 is an ITU-T recommendation for full-duplex communication between two analog dial-up modems. It uses PSK modulation at 600 baud to carry data at 1200 or 600 bit/s. V.22bis is an ITU-T recommendation that extends V.22 with a faster rate. It uses QAM modulation at 600 baud to carry digital data at 2400 or 1200 bit/s. The 1200 bit/s mode is compatible with V.22. More... |
| V.23 |
V.23 is an ITU-T recommendation for half-duplex communication between two analog dial-up modems using FSK modulation at up to 600 or 1200 bauds to carry digital data at up to 600 or 1200 bit/s respectively. An optional 75 bauds reverse channel carries 75 bit/s. More... |
V.32 &
V.32bis |
V.32is an ITU-T recommendation for a modem, enabling bidirectional data transfer at either 9.6 kbit/s or 4.8 kbit/s at a symbol rate of 2,400 baud instead of the 600 baud of the V.22 standards. V.32bis is an ITU-T recommendation for a modem, allowing up to 14.4 kbit/s bidirectional data transfer. More... |
V.34
(Synchronous) |
V.34 is an ITU-T recommendation for a modem, allowing up to 28.8 kbit/s bidirectional data transfer. Other additional defined data transfer rates are 24.0 kbit/s and 19.2 kbit/s as well as all the permitted V.32 and V.32bis rates. Most V.34 modems support V.FC, although
all modern modems support both. More... |
V.42 &
V.42bis |
V.42 is an error correction protocol promoted by the ITU-T. Its function is to enable a receiver to immediately request re-transmission of lost data packets. V.42 turns an error-prone communications path into an error-free path, and is generally included in dialup modems as well. V.42bis reduces the amount of sent data modulated, being that modulation and bandwidth are the major bottlenecks in today's dial-up connections. More... |
| V.44 |
V.44
is an adaptive data compression standard incorporated into the V.92 dial-up modem standard. V.44 offers somewhat better compression performance for certain types of data than the V.42bis standard, on average allowing 5% greater throughput. V.44 is based on LZJH (Lempel-Ziv-Jeff-Heath) compression technology. More... |
| V.90 |
V.90 is an ITU-T recommendation for a modem, allowing 56 kbit/s download and 33.6 kbit/s upload. It was developed between March 1998 and February 1999. It is also known as V.Last as it was anticipated to be the last standard for modems operating near the channel capacity of POTS lines to be developed. A follow-on standard, V.92, was developed later in 1999 to replace V.90.
More... |
| V.92 |
V.92is an ITU-T recommendation, titled Enhancements
to Recommendation V.90, that establishes
a modem standard allowing near 56 kbit/s download
and 48 kbit/s upload rates. V.92
was first presented in August 1999. It is
intended to succeed the V.90
standards. With V.92 PCM
is used for both the upstream and downstream
connections; previously 56K modems only used
PCM for downstream data. More... |
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IWF Support
| Entry |
Glossary Description |
| IWF |
The
IWF (Inter-Working Function) connects the
circuit-switched data paths of a Mobile Network
with a Fixed Network (PSTN/ISDN). Powerpoint |
A-TRAU
frame |
A-TRAU
frame: Rate adaptation scheme used
to deliver data in a 14.4Kbps traffic channel
between the Mobile Station/User Equipment
and the IWF (Inter-Working Function). |
| HSCSD |
High-Speed
Circuit-Switched Data (HSCSD), is
a development of Circuit Switched Data, the
original data transmission mechanism of the
GSM mobile phone system. As with CSD, channel
allocation is done in circuit switched mode.
The difference comes from the ability to use
different coding methods and even multiple
time slots to increase data throughput. More... |
GSM
03.45 |
The GSM TS 03.45 standard is intended for
transparent faxes and mobile-to-mobile calls. |
RLP
Ver. 0,1,2 |
The
Radio Link Protocol (RLP) is a layer
2 LAPB based protocol which performs grouping
of user data for the purpose of implementing
error control and retransmission mechanisms
in the case of non-transparent low layer capabilities.
The RLP layer is in charge of the transmission
of the data compression parameters to the
peer RLP entity and to the L2R layer, when
those parameters have to be negotiated. The
function that realizes the implementation
of the protocol (described in 3GPP TS 24.022)
takes place at both ends of the GSM connection
in the MT and the IWF/MSC. |
V.110
(ITU) |
An
ITU standard for Rate Adaptation on ISDN.
This allows a terminal adapter (TA) to connect
to a low speed device (50bps to 19.2Kbps),
such as a PC COM port, and convert the data
so it can be sent over a 64Kbps link. |
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H.324/3G-324M
| Entry |
Glossary Description |
| 3G-324M |
3G-324M
is a standard umbrella protocol for supporting
multimedia transmission using 3G technologies.
It consists of a signaling channel defined
by H.245 protocol.
More... |
| H.324 |
H.324
is an ITU-T recommendation for voice, video
and data transmission over regular analog
phone lines. It uses a regular 33,600 bit/s
modems for transmission, the H.263
codec for video encoding and G.723
for audio. More... |
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System Interface
| Entry |
Glossary Description |
| CALEA |
The
U.S. Congress passed the Communications
Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA)
to aid law enforcement in its effort
to conduct surveillance of citizens via digital
telephone networks. The Act obliges telephone
companies to make it possible for law enforcement
agencies to tap
any phone conversations carried out over its
networks, as well as making call records available.
More... |
| UPD/IP |
User
Datagram Protocol (UPD): A protocol
within the TCP/IP protocol suite that is used
in place of TCP when a reliable delivery is
not required. There is less processing of
UDP packets than there is for TCP. UDP is
widely used for streaming audio and video,
voice over IP (VoIP) and videoconferencing,
because there is no time to retransmit erroneous
or dropped packets. |
| VLAN |
A
virtual LAN, commonly known
as a vLAN or as a VLAN,
is a logically-independent network. A VLAN
consists of a network of computers that behave
as if connected to the same wire - even though
they may actually physically connect to different
segments of a LAN. Network administrators
configure VLANs through software rather than
hardware, which makes them extremely flexible.
More... |
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Signaling Support
| Entry |
Glossary Description |
| SIP |
Session
Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a protocol
developed by the IETF MMUSIC Working Group
and proposed standard for initiating, modifying,
and terminating an interactive user session
that involves multimedia elements. It is one
of the leading signalling protocols for Voice
over IP, along with H.323. More... |
| H.323 |
H.323
is an umbrella recommendation from the ITU-T,
that defines the protocols to provide audio-visual
communication sessions on any packet network.
It is a part of the H.32x series of protocols
which also address communications over ISDN,
PSTN or SS7.
H.323 is commonly used in Voice over IP and
IP-based videoconferencing. The alternatives
to H.323 are IETF's SIP, MGCP and IAX.
More... |
H.248/
MEGACO |
Media
Gateway Controller (Megaco) is a
signalling protocol used between a Media
Gateway and a Media Gateway Controller
(also known as a Call Agent or a Soft Switch)
in a VoIP network. It defines the necessary
signalling mechanism to allow a Media Gateway
Controller (Call agent) to control gateways
in order to support voice/fax calls between
PSTN-IP or IP-IP networks. More... |
| MGCP |
Media
Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) is
a protocol used within a Voice over IP system
and supersedes the Simple
Gateway Control Protocol (SGCP). It is
an internal protocol used within a distributed
system that can appear to the outside world
as a single VoIP gateway. More... |
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DSP Chips
| Entry |
Glossary Description |
| AMC DSP Farm |
An
AMC DSP Farm is an Advanced Mezzanine Card populated
with as many DSP processors as possible for high-speed
digital communications or real-time video processing
where limited. |
| DSP |
A
digital signal processor (DSP)
is a specialized microprocessor designed specifically
for digital signal processing, generally in real-time.
Most DSPs use fixed-point arithmetic, because
in real world signal processing, the additional
range provided by floating point is not needed,
and there is a large speed benefit; however, floating
point DSPs are common for scientific and other
applications where additional range or precision
may be required. More... |
| Media over Packet (MoP) |
Media
over Packet (MoP™) is Surf's trademarked
technology for delivering Voice, Video and Data
over a Packet Network. |
| Triple Play DSP Software |
Triple
Play DSP Software supports VoIP, Video,
Audio, Fax and Modem simultaneously on a single
DSP. Runs on TI 64x DSPs. Supports G729, G711,
G726, G723.1A, H263, MPEG-4, RTP, RTCP: RFC 3550/3551,
etc. |
| VoIP, Video, Data DSP |
VoIP
DSP, Video DSP, and
Data DSP identify Digital Signal
Processors (DSP) that support a single
media type, unlike Surf's Triple Play DSP software
which supports all three media types. |
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Telecom Boards & Blades
| Entry |
Glossary Description |
| AMC DSP Farm |
An AMC DSP Farm is an Advanced Mezzanine Card populated with as many DSP processors as possible for high-speed digital communications or real-time video processing where limited. |
| ATCA (AdvancedTCA) |
The Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture is the largest specification effort in the history of the PCI Industrial Computers Manufacturers Group (PICMG), with more than 100 companies participating. Known as AdvancedTCA™, the official specification designation is PICMG 3.x (see below). This series of specifications incorporates the latest trends in high speed interconnect technologies, next generation processors, and improved Reliability, Availability and Serviceability (RAS). More... |
| Backplane |
A backplane is a circuit board (usually a printed circuit board) that connects several connectors in parallel to each other, so that each pin of each connector is linked to the same relative pin of all the other connectors, forming a computer bus. It is used as a backbone to connect several printed circuit board cards together to make up a complete computer system. One popular early computer system that used this approach was called the S-100 bus because the connectors used had one hundred pins. Some computers like the Apple II and the IBM PC integrated an internal backplane for expansion cards. More... |
| cPCI (CompactPCI) |
A CompactPCI (cPCI) system is a 3U or 6U Eurocard-based industrial computer, where all boards are connected via a passive PCI backplane. The pin assignments of the connectors are documented in standards, published by the organisation PICMG US and PICMG Europe. The connectors and the electrical rules allow for 8 boards in a PCI segment. Multiple segments are allowed with bridges. More... |
| PCI |
The Peripheral Component Interconnect standard (in practice almost always shortened to PCI) specifies a computer bus for attaching peripheral devices to a computer motherboard. These devices can take the form of an integrated circuit fitted onto the motherboard itself, or an expansion card that fits in sockets.More... |
| PMC |
A PCI mezzanine card or PMC is a printed circuit board manufactured to the IEEE P1386.1 standard. This standard combines the electrical characteristics of the PCI bus with the mechanical dimensions of the Common Mezzanine Card or CMC format (IEEE 1386 standard). The PMC standard defines which connector pins are used for which PCI signals; in addition it defines 64 of the connector pins for use I/O signals.More... |
| PTMC |
The PCI Telecom Mezzanine (Carrier) Card (PTMC traditional PMC 32-bit PCI signals on a Pn1 and Pn2 connector, while supporting specialized telecom interfaces on Pn3 and Pn4. The specification also defines pin locations on Pn3/Jn3 and Pn4/Jn4 for Utopia, RMII (Reduced Media Independent Interface) and other interfaces. PTMC coexists with PMC to add flexibility to slim modular mezzanine card design for PCI, cPCI and VME. |
| Telecom Blades |
A telecom blade is an embedded component-level board that is inserted in a card cage slot or mounted on a rack chassis. Blades connect to a passive backplane interchange data with board level components via a high-speed serial interconnect such as a switch fabric. A shared, multidrop parallel data bus is local to the blade and is not carried to the backplane. More... |
| VME |
VMEbus is a computer bus standard originally developed for the Motorola 68000 line of CPUs, but later widely used for many applications and standardized by the IEC as ANSI/IEEE 1014-1987. It is physically based on the Eurocard sizes, mechanicals and connectors, but uses its own signalling system, which Eurocard does not define. It was first developed in 1981, and continues to see widespread use today. More... |
| µTCA (MicroTCA) |
µTCA (MicroTCA) µTCA (MicroTCA) brings the benefits of ATCA to smaller and lower-cost wireless and wireline access networks, but with less space and power. The µTCA architecture can implement small form factor, backplane-based systems for telecom, thereby enabling a highly scalable range of systems - anywhere from low cost, non-redundant systems up to carrier grade, high availability systems. |
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Miscellaneous
| Entry |
Glossary Description |
| 3GPP |
The
3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
is a collaboration agreement that was established
in December 1998 to make a globally applicable
third generation (3G) mobile phone system specification
within the scope of the ITU's IMT-2000 project.
3GPP specifications are based on evolved GSM specifications,
now generally known as the UMTS system. More... |
| ETSI |
The
European Telecommunications Standards
Institute (ETSI) is an independent, non-profit,
standardization organization of the telecommunications
industry (equipment makers and network operators)
in Europe, with worldwide projection. ETSI has
been successful in standardizing the GSM cell
phone system and the TETRA professional mobile
radio system. Significant ETSI standardisation
bodies are 3GPP (for UMTS networks) or TISPAN
(for fixed networks and Internet convergence).
More... |
| IETF |
The
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
develops and promotes Internet standards; in particular
those of the TCP/IP protocol suite. It is an open,
all-volunteer standards organization, with no
formal membership or membership requirements.
More... |
| ITU-T |
The
ITU Telecommunication Standardization
Sector (ITU-T) coordinates standards for telecommunications
on behalf of the International Telecommunication
Union (ITU). The international standards that
are referred to as "Recommendations".
ITU-T classification features bis and ter suffixes
to represent ITU-T standard designators of successive
iterations of a standard. More... |
| GSM |
The
Global System for Mobile Communications
(GSM) is the most popular standard for
mobile phones in the world. The ubiquity of the
GSM standard makes international roaming very
common between mobile phone operators, enabling
subscribers to use their phones in many parts
of the world. GSM differs significantly from its
predecessors in that both signaling and speech
channels are digital, which means that it is considered
a second generation (2G) mobile phone
system. More... |
| SMPTE |
The
Society of Motion Picture and Television
Engineers or SMPTE is
an international professional association of engineers
working in the motion imaging industries. An internationally-recognized
standards developing organization, SMPTE has over
400 standards, Recommended Practices and Engineering
Guidelines. More... |
| UMTS |
Universal
Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)
is one of the third-generation (3G)
mobile phone technologies. It uses W-CDMA
as the underlying standard, is standardized by
the 3GPP, and represents the European/Japanese
answer to the ITU IMT-2000 requirements for 3G
Cellular radio systems. Intended to succeed the
GSM standard. More... |
|
Triple play and codec
glossary for those who prefer their codecs without
periods.
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